What is the Copper IUCD?
The Copper IUCD (also known as the Copper Coil) is a small, T-shaped device made of plastic and copper that is inserted into the womb (uterus) to prevent pregnancy. It is a non-hormonal form of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC).
How does it work?
The copper in the device:
- Releases small amounts of copper ions, which are toxic to sperm, stopping them from fertilising an egg
- Makes the womb lining less receptive to implantation
The IUCD works immediately after insertion and can be effective for 5 to 10 years, depending on the type.
What are the benefits?
- Over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy
- Works instantly once fitted
- Hormone-free – ideal for those who can’t or don’t want to use hormonal contraception
- Long-lasting – up to 10 years depending on the brand
- Reversible – fertility returns immediately after removal
What are the possible side effects?
Some people experience the following, especially in the first few months:
- Heavier, longer, or more painful periods
- Spotting between periods
- Mild cramping or discomfort after insertion
These side effects often settle after the first 3–6 months.
Are there any risks?
Serious complications are rare but may include:
- Expulsion – the device may move or fall out (especially in the first few weeks)
- Perforation – rare (1 in 1,000 insertions); the device punctures the womb wall
- Pelvic infection – usually in the first 20 days if it happens at all
You’ll be taught how to check the threads to ensure it remains in place.
Who is it suitable for?
The copper IUCD is suitable for:
- Most people, including those who have not had children
- People who cannot use hormones
- Those seeking long-term contraception or emergency contraception
It may not be recommended if you have:
- Heavy or painful periods
- Certain uterine abnormalities
- Untreated pelvic infection
- Allergy to copper (rare)
What is the fitting like?
- Takes about 5–10 minutes
- May cause cramping during and shortly after fitting
- You may be offered a local anaesthetic or pain relief
A check-up is usually recommended after 4–6 weeks.
After insertion:
- You may have mild cramps or spotting for a few days
- Avoid tampons, sex, and swimming for 24 hours
- You’ll be shown how to check the strings
What if I want it removed?
- Can be removed at any time by a trained professional
- Fertility returns immediately
- Use additional contraception 7 days before removal if you don’t want to become pregnant
Summary
- The copper IUCD is a highly effective, hormone-free, long-term contraceptive option
- It works by stopping sperm and preventing fertilisation
- It may cause heavier or more painful periods, but these often settle
- Fertility returns immediately after removal